THE RIGHT TO COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The right to collective bargaining is a fundamental aspect of industrial relations, serving as a
mechanism through which employers and employees negotiate the terms and conditions of employment. In
Nigeria, this right is recognized under various legal frameworks, including the Constitution of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria (1999, as amended), the Trade Unions Act, and the Labour Act. Despite these
provisions, the practical realization of collective bargaining remains fraught with challenges. Issues such
as government interference, fragmentation of trade unions, weak institutional frameworks, poor
enforcement of labour laws, and lack of genuine employer commitment continue to hinder effective
collective negotiations. Moreover, the informal nature of a significant portion of Nigeria’s workforce
further limits the scope of organized bargaining. However, there are notable prospects for improvement.
Strengthening the autonomy of trade unions, promoting social dialogue, reforming outdated labour laws,
and aligning national labour policies with international labour standards can enhance the practice of
collective bargaining.