ANALYSIS OF THE STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN PROVIDING PROTECTION FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN NIGERIA

Abstract

This paper investigated the legal and institutional responsibilities of the State in ensuring environmental health and safety. It explored how governments are obligated to protect citizens from environmental hazards through legislation, enforcement, and policy implementation. Using doctrinal research methodology, the paper evaluated the effectiveness of existing laws in mitigating pollution, occupational risks, and ecological degradation. It demonstrated that while globalization has promoted international collaboration and advanced environmental standards, it has also introduced complexities and challenges that require careful management. The findings underscored the need for continued international cooperation, equitable policy implementation, and effective enforcement to ensure that globalization contributes positively to environmental health and safety. The paper identified key challenges, such as limited resources, weak enforcement, and political interference, that hinder regulatory agencies from fulfilling their mandates. Drawing on international comparisons, including models from the United States and European Union, the paper emphasized the role of civil and criminal liability in holding states accountable for environmental harm. Ultimately, it advocated for stronger institutional capacity, public engagement, and global collaboration to uphold environmental health as a fundamental human right.